国内硬度计行业的发展
过去很长一段时间，中国没有硬度测试的概念，材料的硬度只能由经验丰富的高手现场观察火花或听金属撞击声等最原始的方法来估算。 .
直到 1960 年代和 1970 年代，中国才有少数国有硬度计制造商，但这些硬度计制造商只能制造一些基本的低端硬度计。
改革开放后，特别是随着现代工业技术的飞速发展，我国涌现出一批民营硬度计生产企业，并迅速占领国内市场，硬度计的产量和品种发展迅速 .
在本文中，笔者将对我国硬度计制造业的发展现状及未来发展方向进行评论和展望，以供同行参考。
我国硬度计行业发展现状分析
一、优势
（一）企业数量多，发展空间大
目前，中国市场上有大量各种规模的硬度计制造企业，但硬度计制造行业在我国制造业中只属于很小的一个分支。 总产值仅3亿元左右，未来发展空间很大。
(b) 国内硬度计市场的直接和潜在需求强劲
当前，我国国民经济发展正处于由速度型增长向质量型增长转变的时期，需要更全面、更准确的检测数据来支撑。 此外，出于成本和经济效益的考虑，不少企业纷纷选择国产硬度计，这为国产硬度计制造业的发展带来了良好机遇。
（三）目前，我国硬度计的测量、控制、计算机应用等技术取得重大突破，部分硬度计技术指标达到国际同类硬度计水平。
(d) 随着数字信号处理技术的发展，动态硬度计的技术水平有了很大的提高。
2.缺点
（一）生产格局分散，行业集中度极低
据不完全统计，2015年国内硬度计行业年销售额超过1000万的企业只有5家左右，年销售额在500万左右的企业只有10家左右。
(b) 旧观念根深蒂固
一些硬度计生产厂家技术人员少，日常事务繁忙，缺乏对技术业务的总结或改进。 此外，一些硬度计生产企业在研发上投入的资金较少，研发手段相对落后。 制造的硬度计质量、重复性和稳定性较差，测试软件功能低。
（三）产品结构矛盾十分突出
常规硬度计局部过剩，但高端硬度计严重短缺。
(d) 外观颜色设计保持不变
特别是在展会上，您可以分别看到国产和进口硬度计的外观和颜色。
(e) 同质化竞争激烈
面对微利的合同，一般小企业只能尽力简化流程，用伪劣产品降低生产成本，根本无法保证硬度计的质量。 对于优秀的企业来说，长期投入吃紧，企业没有足够的资金投入研发，产品质量和技术永远无法突破，根本无法与国外品牌竞争。 最终，广大用户成为了这种无序竞争的牺牲品。
(f) 关键技术缺乏合作开发
(g) 智能化和信息化程度差
(h) 国外知名品牌基本垄断国内中高端硬度计市场
相关数据显示，2015年我国硬度计进口配额约为1.5亿元，约占国内硬度计生产企业总产值的一半。
另外，一些国产硬度计的需求定位也极其不合理，需要配置的硬度计都不管自己的需要都选择进口产品，造成很多硬度计功能和投资的浪费，而且 阻碍国产高端硬度计。 的发展。
硬度计行业急需解决的关键技术
1.通用或万能硬度计的核心零件——全量程高精度、高分辨率力传感器；
2.高、低温硬度计的配套附件——高、低温模拟试验箱及测量装置；
3.自动化、智能化、网络化技术在硬度计上的应用，如硬度计压头自动转换技术和智能机械手与硬度计的联动等；
4.高档硬度计的研发制造，如：大空间硬度计、全量程的通用或万能硬度计、全自动硬度计、高低温硬度计、现场在线硬度计等；
5.提高便携式硬度机测试结果的准确性等等。
英斯特力仪器是一家集研发、生产及销售于一体的 影像测量仪，拉力试验机, 硬度计 ,探伤仪, 粗糙度仪, 测厚仪, 金相设备厂家, 致力于为客户提供更好的检测仪器。
Development of domestic hardness tester industry
For a long time in the past, there was no concept of hardness testing in China, and the hardness of materials could only be estimated by the most primitive methods, such as experienced experts observing sparks on the spot or listening to the sound of metal banging. .
Until the 1960s and 1970s, there were few state-owned durometer manufacturers in China, but these durometer manufacturers could only make some basic low-end durometers.
After the reform and opening up, especially with the rapid development of modern industrial technology, a number of private hardness tester manufacturers emerged in China, and quickly occupied the domestic market, hardness tester output and varieties develop rapidly.
In this paper, the author will comment and look forward to the present situation and future development direction of the hardness tester manufacturing industry in China for reference.
Analysis of the development status of Hardness tester industry in China
A, advantage
(1) Large number of enterprises, large space for development
At present, there are a large number of hardness tester manufacturing enterprises of various sizes in the Chinese market, but the hardness tester manufacturing industry only belongs to a very small branch in China's manufacturing industry. The total output value is only about 300 million yuan, so there is a great space for future development.
(b) Strong direct and potential demand in the domestic durometer market
At present, China's national economic development is in a period of transformation from speed growth to quality growth, which requires more comprehensive and more accurate detection data to support. In addition, for the consideration of cost and economic benefit, many enterprises have chosen domestic hardness tester, which has brought good opportunities for the development of domestic hardness tester manufacturing industry.
(iii) At present, China's hardness tester measurement, control, computer application and other technologies have made major breakthroughs, some of the hardness tester technical indicators reach the international level of similar hardness tester.
(d) With the development of digital signal processing technology, the technical level of dynamic hardness tester has been greatly improved.
2. The shortcomings
(1) The production pattern is scattered and the industry concentration is very low
According to incomplete statistics, in 2015, there were only about 5 enterprises in the domestic hardness tester industry with annual sales of more than 10 million yuan, and only 10 enterprises with annual sales of about 5 million yuan.
(b) Old ideas are deeply rooted
Some hardness tester manufacturers have few technical personnel, busy daily affairs, lack of technical business summary or improvement. In addition, some hardness tester manufacturers invest less money in RESEARCH and development, research and development means are relatively backward. The hardness tester manufactured has poor quality, repeatability and stability, and low testing software function.
3. The contradiction of product structure is very prominent
Conventional hardness tester local surplus, but high-end hardness tester serious shortage.
(d) The exterior color design remains unchanged
Especially in the exhibition, you can see the appearance and color of domestic and imported hardness tester respectively.
(e) Homogenization competition is fierce
In the face of small profit contracts, small enterprises can only try their best to simplify the process, with fake products to reduce production costs, can not guarantee the quality of hardness tester. For excellent enterprises, long-term investment is tight, enterprises do not have enough capital to invest in RESEARCH and development, product quality and technology can never breakthrough, can not compete with foreign brands. In the end, the vast majority of users become the victims of this disorderly competition.
(f) Lack of collaborative development of key technologies
(g) Poor intelligence and information
(h) Foreign well-known brands basically monopolize the domestic high-end hardness tester market
Relevant data show that in 2015, China's hardness tester import quota was about 150 million yuan, accounting for about half of the total output value of domestic hardness tester manufacturers.
In addition, some domestic hardness tester demand positioning is also extremely unreasonable, need to configure hardness tester regardless of their own needs to choose imported products, resulting in a lot of hardness tester function and investment waste, and hinder domestic high-end hardness tester. The development of.
Hardness tester industry urgently need to solve the key technology
1. Universal or universal hardness tester core parts -- full range high precision, high resolution force sensor;
2. Supporting accessories of high and low temperature hardness tester -- high and low temperature simulation test box and measuring device;
3. The application of automation, intelligence and network technology in hardness tester, such as the automatic conversion technology of hardness tester pressure head and the linkage between intelligent manipulator and hardness tester, etc.;
4. R&d and manufacturing of high-grade hardness tester, such as: large space hardness tester, full range universal or universal hardness tester, automatic hardness tester, high and low temperature hardness tester, on-site online hardness tester, etc.;
5. Improve the accuracy of portable hardness machine test results and so on.
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