拉力试验机的测量原理

拉力试验机的测量原理-（中英文对照）

1、拉力试验机的力值由力传感器、放大器和数据处理系统来测量，完成测量。 根据数据力学，在小变形的前提下，弹性单元某一点的应变ε与弹性单元的力成正比，也与弹性的变化成正比。 以S型试验机传感器为例,当传感器受到压力P的影响,因为弹性元件的外观与应变计粘贴,因为弹性元件的应变直接与外力的大小成正比P,所以应变仪测量电路, 可以通过测量其输出电压来测量，然后测量力的大小。  

（the force value of the tensile testing machine is measured by force sensor, amplifier and data processing system to complete the measurement.   According to the data mechanics, under the premise of small deformation, the strain ε at a certain point of an elastic element is proportional to the force of the elastic element, and also proportional to the change of elasticity.   Take S type testing machine sensor as an example, when the sensor is subjected to the effect of tension P, because the appearance of the elastic element is pasted with strain gauge, because the strain of the elastic element is directly proportional to the size of the external force P, so the strain gauge access to the measurement circuit,  can be measured by measuring its output voltage, and then measure the size of the force.）

2、变形测量安装后要进行变形测量，它是用来测量试样在实验过程中的变形。 该装置设有两个夹头，夹头通过传记式机构与安装在测量装置顶部的光电编码器连接。 当两个夹头之间的间隔发生变化时，驱动光电编码器的轴发生扭转，光电编码器将有脉冲信号输出。 样品的变形可以通过处理器处理信号得到。  

（the measurement of deformation after deformation measurement installation to measure, it is used to measure the deformation of the sample in the process of the experiment.   The installation is provided with two collets, which are connected with the photoelectric encoder mounted on the top of the measuring installation through a biographical mechanism.  When the interval between the two collets changes, the shaft of the photoelectric encoder is driven to twist, and the photoelectric encoder will have pulse signal output.   The deformation of the sample can be obtained by disposing the signal with a processor.）

3. 光束位移测量的原理与变形测量的原理大致相同，变形测量是通过测量光电编码器的输出脉冲数得到的。  

（The principle of beam displacement measurement is roughly the same as that of deformation measurement, which is obtained by measuring the number of output pulses of the photoelectric encoder.）

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