影像测量仪的工作原理

影像仪

影像仪又名影像测量仪、影像式精密测绘仪、光学测量仪。它是在测量投影仪的基础上进行的一次质的飞跃,它将工业计量方式从传统的光学投影对位提升到了依托于数位影像时代而产生的计算机屏幕测量。

简介

影像仪是依托于计算机屏幕测量技术和强大的空间几何运算软件而存在的。影像测量仪又分全自动影像测量仪(又名CNC影像仪)与手动影像测量仪两种。影像仪以非接触式测量为主要测量方式，通过长期的技术经验的积累，自动影像仪在功能上逐步的延伸，配合探针和激光组的使用，出现介于二维和三维几何尺寸测量的仪器，业内称为“2.5D影像测量仪”。

工作原理

影像仪是利用表面光或轮廓光照明后,经变焦距物镜通过摄像镜头，摄取影像再通过S端子传送到电脑屏幕上，然后以十字线发生器，在显示器上产生的视频十字线为基准，对被测物进行瞄准测量，并通过.工作台带动光学尺，在X、Y方向上移动由多功能数据处理器进行数据处理，通过软件进行计算完成测量。

仪器种类

手摇影像测量仪在测量点A、B两点之间距离的操作是:先摇X、Y方向手柄走位对准A点，然后锁定平台、改手操作电脑并点击鼠标确定;再打开平台，手摇到B点，重复以上动作确定B点。每次点击鼠标是要将该点的光学尺位移数值读入计算机，当所有点的数值都被读入后才能进行计算功能的操作。这种初级设备就像一个技术的“积木拼盘”，一切功能与操作都是分离进行的;一会摇手柄、一会点鼠标;手摇时还需注意均匀且轻而慢、不能回旋;一位熟练操作员进行一个简单的距离测量大概需要数分钟。

数字化影像测量仪

数字化影像测量仪则不同，它建立在微米级精确数控的硬件与人性化操作软件的基础上，将各种功能彻底集成，从而成为一台真正义上的现代精密仪器。具备无级变速、柔和运动、点哪走哪、电子锁定、同步读数等基本能力，鼠标移动找到你所想要测定的A、B两点后，电脑就已帮你计算测量出结果，并显示图形供校验，图影同步，即使是初学者测量两点之间距离也只需数秒钟。自动光学影像仪数字化技术实现了工件随意放置即可测量。手摇式影像测量仪在进行基准测量时，需要旋转载物平台上的分度盘，将零件的基准边调整到平行于平台的一个坐标轴，这是因为它的初级软件不能支持极其复杂空间几何换算。而数字化影像测量仪可以利用软件技术完成空间坐标系旋转和多坐标系之间的复杂换算，被测工件可随意放置，随意建立坐标原点和基准方向并得到测量值，同时在屏幕上呈现出标记，直观地看出坐标方向和测量点，使最为常见的基准距离测量变得十分简便而直观。

结构组成

影像测量仪是一种由高解析度CCD彩色摄像器、连续变倍物镜、彩色显示器、视频十字线发生器、精密光学尺、多功能数据处理器、2D数据测量软件与高精密工作台结构组成的高精度光学影像测量仪器。

特点

1、X轴取花岗石横梁为基础，确保机构不会变形及横梁中间不会下垂。

2、X轴直线导轨取上置设计，符合导轨最佳受力原理，具有高精度及运行稳定的特点。

3、X轴花岗石背面独特的采用厚钢片锁固，增强X轴的韧性，确保横梁不会折断。

4、Y轴独特的硬体封闭环设计，在立柱底部采用钢板连接，是横梁、立柱构成一个整体，确保机构不会变形。

5、Y轴中间传动。X轴的硬体闭环结构，确保运行时不会出现左右偏摆或甩尾的物理现象，精度得到提高。

6、Z轴采用交又导轨。利用滚珠丝杆传动，运行稳定。确保精度。

7、影像测量软件可自动编程，全自动检测。

应用领域

广泛应用在各种不同的精密零部件的测量中。主要用于在卡尺、角度尺很难测量到或根本测量不到的,但在装配中起着重要的零部件尺寸、角度等的测量中,适用于以二维平面测量为目 的的一切应用领域,

机械、电子、模具、注塑、五金、橡胶、低压电器，磁性材料、精密五金、精密冲压、接插件、连接器、端子、手机、家电、计算机(电脑)、液晶电视(LCD).印刷电路板(线路板、PCB)、汽车、医疗器械、钟表、仪器仪表、螺丝、弹簧、齿轮、电线电缆、刀具、筛网等。

测量功能

手摇影像测量仪在寻找目标点完成测量移位的过程中，由于依靠手动力的操作，移动平台的主副导轨间会产生一定的偏移，不断的来回运动还会产生回程间隙。在微米级精确测量时，将直接生产影响测量精度。数字化影像测量仪具有运动锁定能力和在设计上采用了无回程间隙技术，从而彻底消除了这些误差，提高了运动的平稳性和测量精度。

测量距离越长误差也就越大，测量精度随着长度而降低。手摇式影像测量仪不具备非线性实时纠正功能，无法消除诸如温度、震动等环境因素引起的非线性误差。数字化影像测量仪拥有十分优秀的误差修正能力，通过建立在严格数学模型的软件计算和实时控制来修正，从而使非线性误差降到最小，提高了测量精度，突破了速度与精度的技术瓶颈。

全自动影像测量仪

全自动影像测量仪可以通过样品实测、图纸计算、CNC 数据导入等方式建立CNC坐标数据,由仪器自动测量目标点，完成各种测量操作，从而节省人力,提高效率。数十倍于手摇式影像测量仪的工作能力下，操作人员轻松而高效。

使用须知

影像仪在使用过程中，要注意以下事项:

(1)工件吊装前，要将探针退回原点，为吊装位置预留较大的空间;工件吊装要平稳，不可撞击影像测量仪任何构件。

(2)正确安装零件，安装前确保符合零件与测量机的等温要求。

(3)建立正确的坐标系，保证所建的坐标系符合图纸的要求，才能确保所测数据准确。

(4)当编好程序自动运行时，要防止探针与工件的干涉，故需注意要增加拐点。

(5)对于一些大型较重的模具、检具，测量结束后应及时吊下工作台，以避免影像测量仪工作台长时间处于承载状态。

维护保养

1、仪器应放在清洁干燥的室内(室温20°C土2°C, 湿度低于60%)，避免光学零件表面污损、金属零件生锈、尘埃杂物落入运动导轨，影响仪器性能。

2、仪器使用完毕，工作面应随时擦拭干净，最好再罩上防尘套。

3、仪器的传动机构及运动导轨、应定期.上润滑油，使机构运动顺畅，保持良好的使用状态。

4、工作台玻璃及油漆表面脏了，可以用中性清洁剂与清水擦拭干净。绝不能用有机溶剂擦拭油漆表面，否则，会使油漆表面失去光泽。.

5、仪器LED光源使用寿命很长，但当有灯泡烧坏时，请通知专业人员为您更换。

6、仪器精密部件，如影像系统、工作台、光学尺以及Z轴传动机构等均需精密调校,所有调节螺丝与紧固螺丝均已固定，客户请勿自行拆卸，如有问题请通知厂商解决。

7、软件已对工作台与光学尺的误差进行了精确补偿，请勿自行更改。否则，会产生错误的测量结果。

8、仪器所有电气接插件、一般不要拔下，如已拔掉，则必须按标.记正确插回并拧紧螺丝。不正确的接插、轻则影响仪器功能，重则可能损坏系统。

英斯特力仪器是一家集研发、生产及销售于一体的 影像测量仪，拉力试验机, 硬度计 ,探伤仪, 粗糙度仪, 测厚仪, 金相设备厂家, 致力于为客户提供更好的检测仪器。

Imaging instrument  

Image instrument also known as image measuring instrument, image type precision mapping instrument, optical measuring instrument.  It is a qualitative leap on the basis of measuring projector, which improves the industrial measurement mode from the traditional optical projection to the computer screen measurement based on digital image era.  

Introduction to the  

The imager is based on computer screen measurement technology and powerful space geometry operation software.  Image measuring instrument is divided into automatic image measuring instrument (also known as CNC image measuring instrument) and manual image measuring instrument.  Image instrument to non-contact measurement as the main measurement method, through the accumulation of long-term technical experience, automatic image instrument in the function of the gradual extension, with the use of probe and laser group, appeared between two-dimensional and three-dimensional geometry measurement instrument, known as "2.5D image measurement instrument".  

The working principle of  

Image instrument is to use surface light or contour illumination, the objective lens of the longitude change focal length through the camera lens, take the image and then transmitted to the computer screen through the S terminal, and then with the crosshair generator, the video crosshair generated on the display as the benchmark, aiming measurement of the measured object, and through.  The table drives the optical ruler, which moves in the X and Y directions. Data processing is carried out by the multi-functional data processor, and the measurement is completed by software calculation.  

Types of instruments  

The operation of the hand image measuring instrument in the distance between two points A and B is as follows: first shake the handle in the X and Y directions to align with point A, then lock the platform, change the hand to operate the computer and click the mouse to confirm;  Open the platform again, hand to point B, repeat the above action to determine point B.  Click the mouse every time to read the numerical value of the optical ruler displacement of the point into the computer, when all points are read into the operation of the calculation function.  This primary equipment is like a technical "building block platter", all functions and operations are carried out separately;  Shake the handle for a while, click the mouse for a while;  Hand shaking also need to pay attention to uniform and light and slow, can not swing;  It takes a skilled operator several minutes to make a simple distance measurement.  

Digital image measuring instrument  

Digital image measuring instrument is different, it is built on the basis of micron level precise nc hardware and humanized operation software, will be a variety of functions thoroughly integrated, so as to become a true justice of modern precision instrument.  With infinitely variable speed, soft movement, which, electronic lock, synchronization points which go reading basic skills, such as the mouse moves to find what you want to determine A and B two points, the computer has been to help you calculate the measured results, and the graphics for calibration, figure shadow synchronization, even beginners to measure distance between two points is A few seconds.  The digital technology of automatic optical imager realizes that the workpiece can be measured at will.  The manual image measuring instrument needs to rotate the indexing plate on the carrying platform to adjust the reference edge of the parts to an axis parallel to the platform when making reference measurement, because its primary software cannot support extremely complex spatial geometry conversion.  And digital image measuring instrument can be done using software technology space coordinate system rotation and more complex conversion between the workpiece to be measured can be placed at random, random set up the origin and the reference direction and get measured value, showing a tag on the screen at the same time, see visually coordinate direction and measurement point, and make the most common benchmark distance measurement become very simple and intuitive.  

Structural components  

Image measuring instrument is a kind of high precision optical image measuring instrument composed of high resolution CCD color camera, continuous zoom objective lens, color display, video crosshair generator, precision optical ruler, multi-function data processor, 2D data measuring software and high precision table structure.  

The characteristics of  

1, X axis take granite beam as the basis, to ensure that the mechanism will not be deformed and the middle of the beam will not sag.  

2. X axis linear guide rail is designed on the top, which is in line with the principle of optimal force of guide rail, and has the characteristics of high precision and stable operation.  

3, X axis granite back unique use of thick steel locking, enhance the toughness of the X axis, to ensure that the beam will not break.  

4, Y axis unique hardware closed ring design, at the bottom of the column using steel plate connection, beam, column constitute a whole, to ensure that the mechanism will not be deformed.  

5. Y axis intermediate drive.  X axis hardware closed loop structure, to ensure that there will be no left and right swing or tail swing physical phenomenon during operation, the accuracy is improved.  

6. Z axis adopts cross and guide rail.  Using ball screw drive, stable operation.  Ensure accuracy.  

7, image measurement software can be automatically programmed, automatic detection.  

Application field  

Widely used in the measurement of various precision parts.  Mainly used in calipers, Angle ruler is difficult to measure or can not be measured at all, but in the assembly plays an important part size, Angle and so on in the measurement, suitable for two-dimensional plane measurement for all application fields,  

Machinery, electronics, molds, injection molding, hardware, rubber, low-voltage electrical appliances, magnetic materials, precision hardware, precision stamping, connectors, terminals, mobile phones, home appliances, computers (computers), LCD TV (LCD).  Printed circuit board (PCB, PCB), automobile, medical instrument, clock, instrument, screw, spring, gear, wire and cable, cutting tools, screen, etc.  

Measurement functions  

In the process of finding the target point to complete the measurement shift of the hand image measuring instrument, due to the operation of hand power, there will be a certain offset between the main and secondary guide rails of the moving platform, and the continuous back and forth movement will also produce return clearance.  In micron scale accurate measurement, it will directly affect the measurement accuracy.  The digital image measuring instrument has the ability of motion locking and adopts the technology of no return clearance in the design, thus completely eliminating these errors and improving the motion stability and measurement accuracy.  

The longer the measurement distance, the greater the error, and the measurement accuracy decreases with the length.  The hand-operated image measuring instrument does not have the function of nonlinear real-time correction, which can not eliminate the nonlinear errors caused by environmental factors such as temperature and vibration.  Digital image measuring instrument has very excellent error correction ability, through the establishment of strict mathematical model of software calculation and real-time control to correct, so as to minimize nonlinear error, improve the measurement accuracy, break through the speed and precision of the technical bottleneck.  

Fully automatic image measuring instrument  

Automatic image measuring instrument can establish CNC coordinate data through sample measurement, drawing calculation, CNC data import and other ways, the instrument automatically measure the target point, complete all kinds of measurement operations, so as to save manpower and improve efficiency.  Tens of times the working capacity of the hand-operated image measuring instrument, the operator is easy and efficient.  

Use the information  

The following points should be paid attention to during the use of the imager:  

(1) Before lifting the workpiece, the probe should be returned to the origin to reserve a large space for lifting position;  The lifting of the workpiece shall be smooth and shall not impact any component of the image measuring instrument.  

(2) Install the parts correctly, and ensure that the isothermal requirements of the parts and measuring machine are met before installation.  

(3) To establish the correct coordinate system, ensure that the established coordinate system meets the requirements of the drawings, to ensure the accuracy of the measured data.  

(4) When the program runs automatically, interference between the probe and the workpiece should be prevented, so attention should be paid to adding inflection points.  

(5) For some large and heavy molds and gauges, the working table should be suspended in time after the measurement to avoid the image measuring instrument working table being in the bearing state for a long time.  

maintenance  

1, the instrument should be placed in a clean and dry room (room temperature 20°C soil 2°C, humidity less than 60%), to avoid the surface of optical parts, metal parts rust, dust debris fall into the movement of the guide rail, affecting the performance of the instrument.  

2, after the use of the instrument, the working face should be wiped clean at any time, and it is best to cover the dust jacket.  

3, the transmission mechanism and movement guide rail of the instrument should be regular.  Add lubricating oil to make the mechanism move smoothly and keep good working condition.  

4, table glass and paint surface dirty, you can use neutral detergent and clean water to wipe clean.  Never use organic solvent to wipe paint surface, otherwise, can make paint surface lose luster.  .  

5, the instrument LED light source has a long service life, but when the bulb burns out, please inform professionals to replace it for you.  

6, the instrument precision parts, such as image system, workbench, optical ruler and Z axis transmission mechanism need to be adjusted precisely, all adjusting screws and fastening screws have been fixed, customers do not disassemble, if there is any problem, please inform the manufacturer to solve.  

7. The software has accurately compensated the error between the worktable and the optical ruler. Please do not change it by yourself.  Otherwise, wrong measurement results will be produced.  

8, all the electrical connectors of the instrument, generally do not pull out, if it has been pulled out, it must be according to the standard.  Remember to insert and tighten the screws correctly.  Improper connection and plug may affect the function of the instrument or damage the system.